A Religious Response to Violence

Roots of Violence


The Roots of Violence: Wealth without work, Pleasure without conscience, Knowledge without character, Commerce without morality, Science without humanity, Worship without sacrifice, Politics without principles. - Mahatma Gandhi
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    • Introduction
    • Roots of Violence
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    • Incitement to Violence
    • Response to Violence
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What are the Roots of Violence?

In this portal we ask ourselves about the roots of violence, and how religions account for violence in their own sacred stories and current teachings.  Religious accounts of violence are the oldest we have.  Nearly every religion or expression of faith in the world provides a response to questions about what violence is and how it enters the world.  These responses include stories of creation and how violence can coerce or alter even the best intentions of people and communities.  Violence can germinate in our lives and in society, but it never has to be the norm in our daily lives.  Just because violence germinates does not mean it must grow.

Ways to Learn More
  • Watch the Introductory Video above.
  • Listen to the Interviews below.
  • Consider the Reflection Questions below and engage with their resources using the Conversation Guide.

interviews

Questions & Resources
How do sacred texts make sense of creation or natural disasters?
VIDEOS
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  • Aztec Creation Story - TheBigMyth.com
  • Maya Creation Story - TheBigMyth.com
  • Navajo Creation Story - TheBigMyth.com
  • The Dogon Creation Story - TheBigMyth.com
  • Ceram Creation Story - TheBigMyth.com
  • The Epic of Gilgamesh: Crash Course World Mythology #26
  • The Hindu Interpretation of Creation – National Geographic

ARTICLES
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  • Gilgamesh – Ancient History Encyclopedia
  • "Mesopotamian Creation Myths" – Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • "What is a Creation Myth?" – Britannica Online
  • "Genesis 1 and a Babylonian Creation Story" - BioLogos
  • "Enuma Elish - The Babylonian Epic of Creation (Full Text)" - Ancient History Encyclopedia
  • Aztec Creation Story - Aztec-History.com
  • "Maya Religion" - Ancient History Encyclopedia
  • "Navajo Creation Story - The First World: 'Nihodihil' (Black World)" - navajopeople.org
  • "Violence in Greek Creation Mythology" - Classroom
  • "Flood Stories" - Metropolitan Museum of Art
  • "Why Ancient Myths About Volcanoes Are Often True" - BBC
  • "The Great Flood" - Livius.org
  • "The Flood" – BibleStudyTools.com
  • "Before Noah: Myths of the Flood Are Far Older Than the Bible" - Time
  • "Flood Stories from Around the World" – The TalkOrigins Archive
  • "Deucalion (Greek Mythology) – Britannica Online
How does religious art make sense of violence?
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WEBSITES
  • "The Sacrifice of Isaac" by Caravaggio (1602) - caravaggio.org
  • "Pandemonium" by John Martin (1841) - Wikimedia Commons
  • "Map of Hell" by Boticelli (1480 - 1490) - florenceinferno.com
  • "The Hell" by Luca Signorelli (1499-1502) - abcgallery.com
  • "Cain Killing Abel" by Adriaen de Vries (1622) - Google Arts and Culture
  • "Cain Killing Abel" by Lucas van Leyden (1529) - Google Arts and Culture
  • "Cain" by Lovis Corinth (1917) - Google Arts and Culture
  • "The Fall of Man" by Michelangelo (1508-1512) - michelangelo.org
  • "The Deluge" by John Martin (1834) - Yale Center for British Art
  • "The Flood" by Jacopo Bassano, (1570) - Royal Collection Trust
  • "Noah's Ark and the Deluge" from the Zubdat-al Tawarikh (1583) - Wikimedia Commons
  • "Lest we forgot his sacrifice" by K.H. Ara (1976) - Google Arts and Culture
  • 13 Disturbing Pieces of Art from History - mentalfloss.com
  • "Isenheim Alterpiece" by Matthias Grunewald (c.1510-1515) – Khan Academy
  • “Cain Slaying Abel” by Rubens (c.1608) – Ark UK
  • "The Last Judgement" by Hans Memling (1467) – ccwatershed.org
  • "The Sacrifice of Iphigenia"by Charles de Lad Fosse (1680) - Google Arts and Culture
  • "Jephthah’s Daughter Sacrifice", by Andrea Celesti (c.1695) - Google Arts and Culture

VIDEOS
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  • "Last Judgement" by Michelangelo (1534-1541): alter wall, Sistine Chapel – Khan Academy
What is the relationship between religions, death, and the afterlife?
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ARTICLES
  • "Condemned to Eternal Torment" – University of Bergen
  • "Three Questions for Comparing and Contrasting the Afterlife Beliefs of Six Prominent World Religions" – The Immortality Project: University of California, Riverside
  • Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
  • The Hindu Concept of Heaven and Hell - Speaking Tree
  • Heaven and Hell – Al-Islam.org
  • Buddhist Concept of Heaven and Hell - Chinese Buddhist Encyclopedia
  • "The Three Worlds" – JAINpedia
  • Belief in Hell "Religion in America: U.S. Religious Landscape Study" - Pew Research Center
  • "The Greek God Hades, Lord of the Underworld" - ThoughtCo.
  • Yama, (Hindu God) - Ancient History Encyclopedia
  • "Hell in the Qur’an: How is Jahannam described?" - ThoughtCo.
  • "Buddhist Hell: Your Guide to Naraka" – ThoughtCo.
  • Salvation (Zoroastrianism; Hinduism; Judaism; Buddhism; Christianity; Islam) – Britannica.com

VIDEOS
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  • Decoding Christianity: Purgatory - Smithsonian Channel
Why can’t siblings get along?
ARTICLES
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  • "Bible Stories about Sibling Rivalry: and what we can learn from them" – ThoughtCo.
  • "Cain and Abel: Scriptures and Legends" selected and edited by D.L. Ashliman – University of Pittsburgh
  • "The Story of Habeel [Abel] and Qabeel [Cain]" – IslamTutor
  • Thyestes and Atreus – shmoop.com
  • Remus and Romulus – Ancient History Encyclopedia
  • "The Tale of the Two Brothers: Anpu and Bata" - reshafim.org.il
What are religious responses to war and martyrdom?
ARTICLES
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  • The Top Religious Wars in History" – Religio Magazine
  • "Doesn't Religion Cause Most of the Conflict in the World? – The Guardian
  • "How was Crusading Justified? When Could Warfare Be Considered 'Just'?" – Khan Academy
  • Warrior Monk Traditions, by Mikael Adolphson (Book Review) – Oxford Bibliographies
  • "The Sohei – Warrior Monk" - Together With Japan
  • "The Real Story of Christ's Warrior-Monks" - Catholic.com
  • "Buddhism: War" - BBC (Religions)
  • "Christianity and the Ethics of War" - BBC (Religions)
  • "Hinduism: War" - BBC (Religions)
  • "Islam: War" - BBC (Religions)
  • "Judaism: War" - BBC (Religions)
  • "Dharam Yudh: Just War" - BBC (Religions)
  • "The Violent Birth of ‘Martyrdom’ – How the ancient concept informs modern religious violence" - The Conversation (in partnership with Manchester Metropolitan University)
  • Enraged: Why Violent Times Need ancient Greek Myths, by Emily Katz Anahlt (Book Review)  – New York Times

VIDEOS
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  • Introduction to the Crusades – Khan Academy
How Do Religions Approach the Environment?
ARTICLES
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  • All About: Religion and the Environment - CNN
  • "Religions, Ethics, and Environment" - extract from - International Environment Forum
  • "Religion Can Make Us More Environmentally Friendly – or not" - BBC
  • "Religion & Environmental Stewardship" - Biohabitats


THE FORUM ON RELIGION AND ECOLOGY AT YALE
  • Baha'I
  • Buddhism
  • Christianity
  • Confucianism
  • Daoism
  • Hinduism
  • Indigenous
  • Islam
  • Jainism
  • Judaism
  • Shinto
What is the relationship between Religion & Violence?
ARTICLES
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  • What Does the Bible Say about Violence – Bible Gateway Blog
  • How Religion Can Lead to Violence – The New York Times
  • Is The Bible More Violent than the Quran? NPR
  • Does Religion Cause Violence? Harvard Divinity Bulletin

BOOKS
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Selengut, Charles. Sacred Fury: Understanding Religious Violence. Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.
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Juergensmeyer, Mark. Terror in the Mind of God : The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society ; 13. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
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Juergensmeyer, Mark. Global Rebellion : Religious Challenges to the Secular State, from Christian Militias to Al Qaeda. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.
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Wentz, Richard E. Why People Do Bad Things in the Name of Religion. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1993.
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McTernan, Oliver J. Violence in God's Name : Religion in an Age of Conflict. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 2003.
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Murphy, Andrew R. The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence. Blackwell Companions to Religion ; 42. Chichester, West Sussex ; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
Explore
Click on the questions above to access resources available to you.
Engage
Use the Conversation Guide to work through this material with your group or community.
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Open Conversation Guide
Share
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  • Home
  • Portals
    • Introduction
    • Roots of Violence
    • Culture of Violence
    • Impacts of Technology
    • Incitement to Violence
    • Response to Violence
  • About Us
  • Contact Us